Java 逐行读取文本文件的几种方式以及效率对比
作者: Seven-Steven
原文链接: https://blog.diqigan.cn/posts/java-read-file-by-line.html
前言
上周负责的模块中需要逐行读取文件内容, 写完之后对程序执行效率不太满意, 索性上网查了一下 Java 逐行读取文件内容的各种方法, 并且简单地比对了一下执行效率. 在此记录, 希望能够帮到有需要的人.
注意: 本文比对的项目为 逐行读取文本内容, 并不能代表其他方式的文件读取效率优劣!!!
文末有完整代码.
先放结果
1000000 行文本读取结果比对:
BufferedReader 耗时: 49ms
Scanner 耗时: 653ms
Apache Commons IO 耗时: 44ms
InputStreamReader 耗时: 191ms
FileInputStream 耗时: 3171ms
BufferedInputStream 耗时: 70ms
FileUtils 耗时: 46ms
Files 耗时: 99ms
24488656 行文本读取结果比对:
BufferedReader 耗时: 989ms
Scanner 耗时: 11899ms
Apache Commons IO 耗时: 568ms
InputStreamReader 耗时: 3377ms
FileInputStream 耗时: 78903ms
BufferedInputStream 耗时: 1480ms
FileUtils 耗时: 16569ms
Files 耗时: 25162ms
可见, 当文件较小时:
ApacheCommonsIO 流 表现最佳;
FileUtils, BufferedReader 居其二;
BufferedInputStream, Files 随其后;
InputStreamReader, Scanner, FileInputStream 略慢.
当文件较大时, Apache Commons IO 流, BufferedReader 依然出色, Files, FileUtils 速度开始变慢.
简要分析
使用到的工具类包括:
java.io.BufferedReader
java.util.Scanner
org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
java.io.InputStreamReader
java.io.FileInputStream
java.io.BufferedInputStream
com.google.common.io.Files
其中:
Apache Commons IO 流 和 BufferedReader 使用到了缓冲区, 所以在不消耗大量内存的情况下提高了处理速度;
FileUtils 和 Files 是先把文件内容全部读入内存, 然后在进行操作, 是典型的空间换时间案例. 这种方法可能会大量消耗内存, 建议酌情使用;
其他几个工具类本来就不擅长逐行读取, 效率底下也是情理之中.
建议
在逐行读取文本内容的需求下, 建议使用 Apache Commons IO 流, 或者 BufferedReader, 既不会过多地占用内存, 也保证了优异的处理速度.
参考文献:
[Java]读取文件方法大全 --- lovebread
java读取文件API速度对比 --- fengxingzhe001
Java高效读取大文件 --- Eugen Paraschiv[文] / ImportNew - 进林[译]
附录-源代码:
import com.google.common.io.Files;
import org.apache.commons.io.Charsets;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.LineIterator;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @Description: 逐行读取文件性能对比
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-25
**/
public class ReadByLineFromFileTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ReadByLineFromFileTest test = new ReadByLineFromFileTest();
String filePath = "./testFile.txt";
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
// 随机写入 1000000 行内容
test.writeRandom(filePath, 1000000);
}
long before, after, time;
// 使用 BufferedReader 逐行读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.bufferedReader(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("BufferedReader 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 Scanner 逐行读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.scanner(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("Scanner 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 Apache Commons IO 流逐行读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.apacheCommonsIo(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("Apache Commons IO 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 InputStreamReader 逐字符读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.inputStreamReader(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("InputStreamReader 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 FileInputStream 逐字符读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.fileInputStream(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("FileInputStream 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 BufferedInputStream 逐字符读取文件
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.bufferedInputStream(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("BufferedInputStream 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 FileUtils 一次性读取文件所有行
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.fileUtils(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("FileUtils 耗时: " + time + "ms");
// 使用 Files 一次性读取文件所有行
before = System.currentTimeMillis();
test.files(filePath);
after = System.currentTimeMillis();
time = after - before;
System.out.println("Files 耗时: " + time + "ms");
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 Apache Commons IO 流逐行读取文件
* Maven 依赖:
*
*
*
*
*
*
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-24
**/
public void apacheCommonsIo(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
try {
LineIterator iterator = FileUtils.lineIterator(file, "UTf-8");
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String line = iterator.nextLine();
// TODO
// System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 Scanner 类逐行读取
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-24
**/
public void scanner(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
Scanner scanner = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
scanner = new Scanner(fileInputStream, "UTF-8");
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
// TODO things
String line = scanner.nextLine();
// System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (scanner != null) {
scanner.close();
}
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 Files 一次性读取所有行
* Maven 依赖:
*
*
*
*
*
*
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-24
**/
public void files(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
try {
List
for (String str : fileLines) {
// TODO things
// System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 FileUtils 一次性将文件所有行读入内存
* Maven 依赖:
*
*
*
*
*
*
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-24
**/
public void fileUtils(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
try {
List
for (String str : fileLines) {
// TODO
// System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void bufferedInputStream(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
int temp;
char character;
String line = "";
while ((temp = bufferedInputStream.read()) != -1) {
character = (char) temp;
if (character != '\n') {
line += character;
} else {
// TODO
// System.out.println(line);
line = "";
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (bufferedInputStream != null) {
try {
bufferedInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 FileInputStream 逐字符读取文件
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-23
**/
public void fileInputStream(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
int temp;
char character;
String line = "";
while ((temp = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {
character = (char) temp;
if (character != '\n') {
line += character;
} else {
// TODO
// System.out.println(line);
line = "";
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 InputStreamReader 逐行读取文件
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-23
**/
public void inputStreamReader(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream);
int temp;
char character;
String line = "";
while ((temp = inputStreamReader.read()) != -1) {
character = (char) temp;
if (character != '\n') {
line += character;
} else {
// TODO
// System.out.println(line);
line = "";
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStreamReader != null) {
try {
inputStreamReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* @Description: 使用 BufferedReader 逐行读取文件内容
* @Param: [filePath] 文件路径
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-23
**/
public void bufferedReader(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
return;
}
FileReader fileReader = null;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
try {
fileReader = new FileReader(file);
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
String line = "";
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
// TODO things
// System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fileReader != null) {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* @Description: 随机往文件中写入 totalLines 行内容
* @Param: [filePath, totalLines] 文件路径, 内容行数
* @Author: Seven-Steven
* @Date: 19-1-23
**/
public void writeRandom(String filePath, int totalLines) {
RandomAccessFile file = null;
Random random = new Random();
try {
file = new RandomAccessFile(filePath, "rw");
long length = file.length();
for (int i = 0; i < totalLines; i++) {
file.seek(length);
int number = random.nextInt(1000000);
String line = number + "\n";
file.writeBytes(line);
length += line.length();
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (file != null) {
try {
file.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
